Agricultural Policies in Argentina by OECD

Author:OECD
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: environment/agriculture
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2019-03-14T00:00:00+00:00

6.6. Public and private investment in innovation

Characteristics of the general innovation system

Up to the early 1990s, ST&I activities were essentially funded through direct allocations to the institutions implementing R&D, and through public funds for specific projects. The private sector only participated to a minor extent. The funds managed by the decentralised agency ANPCYT (FONCYT, FONTAR and others) have become the backbone of the system and its main source of funding. These funds are managed through open and mostly competitive project-based mechanisms. FONTAR is particularly focused on innovation at firm level with the participation of the private sector. In 2015 Argentina dedicated 0.65% of its GDP to R&D activities, compared to an average of 2.36% for the OECD (OECD, 2018[40]; MINCYT, 2015[37]).

The bulk of funds come from public sources, 96% of the total in 2011-15, compared to 3.5% from the private sector and 0.5% from international sources. In terms of implementation, decentralised public institutions (such as CONICET, INTA, and INTI) represent almost 50% of the total, while public universities represent around 30% (MINCYT, 2015[37]). The group of decentralised public institutions brings together a very diverse set of data, but disaggregated data is not available. Expenditure on personnel represented 70% of all the expenditure on R&D activities. Almost half of all resources were destined to applied research, compared to 40% for basic research.

Figure 6.7 highlights the importance of agriculture and agriculture-related issues within the Argentinian innovation system. “Agricultural production and technology” alone represents the largest reported focus area for R&D investments in 2015. Furthermore, agriculture-related R&D objectives are included in a number of the other reported socieconomic objectives, such as “non-oriented research” (basic research), “structure and social relations”, “control and protection of the environment”, “land exploration and exploitation” and “production, distribution and rational use of energy”. The share of total investments going into agricultural issues is difficult to estimate, but there is no doubt that it represents the largest area of focus.

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